With the continuous development of science and technology, automotive
electronic control technology has made great progress and application. The
automotive circuit control board (ECU) is one of the indispensable components in
modern cars, which can control various electronic devices in the car. So, what
is an automotive circuit control board? What is the electronic principle of the
circuit control board? These issues have become hot topics. This article will
introduce the composition structure and electronic principle of the automotive
circuit control board, in order to let readers have a deeper understanding of
the automotive electronic control system.
Composition structure of automotive circuit control board
The automotive circuit control board, namely the engine control unit (ECU) or
electronic control module (ECM), is one of the core components of the automotive
electronic control system. It consists of four parts: mainboard, system on chip,
sensor and actuator. Among them, the mainboard is the main control unit of the
system, which is responsible for processing the data collected by various
sensors and performing corresponding calculations and control operations. The
system on chip is the core circuit chip of the entire system, responsible for
implementing various control algorithms and programs. Sensors and actuators are
two key elements of the feedback and regulation system, respectively,
responsible for collecting, processing and executing various control
commands.
Electronic principles of automotive circuit control boards
1. Sensors
Sensors are one of the key elements for feedback and control in automotive
electronic control systems, and are used to detect various motion states and
environmental parameters of vehicles. There are many types of sensors, including
pressure sensors, temperature sensors, position sensors, acceleration sensors,
and light sensors. Among them, pressure sensors are mainly used to measure the
pressure of various media, temperature sensors are used to measure the
temperature of various media, position sensors are used to detect the position
coordinates of mechanical parts, acceleration sensors are used to detect the
acceleration and deceleration of vehicles, and light sensors are used to detect
the light intensity of vehicles.
2. Actuators
Actuators are one of the key elements for control and regulation in
automotive electronic control systems, and are used to execute various control
commands. There are many types of actuators, including electric door locks,
motors, air valves, and electromagnets. Among them, electric door locks are
mainly used to control the locking and unlocking of car doors, motors are used
to control the rotation and movement of mechanical parts, air valves are used to
control the forward and reverse air flow pressure, and electromagnets are used
to control the on and off of switch circuits.
3. Control algorithms
Control algorithms are a collection of control algorithms and programs in
automotive electronic control systems. The control algorithm is usually written
by the controller, which is responsible for collecting data from various
sensors, executing various control commands, and realizing automatic control and
driving of the vehicle. Common control algorithms include PID (proportional,
integral, differential) control algorithm, Fuzzy control algorithm and neural
network control algorithm.
4. Motherboard
The motherboard is one of the core components in the automotive electronic
control system, responsible for processing the data collected by the sensor and
performing corresponding calculations and control operations. The motherboard is
usually composed of a microprocessor, memory, interface circuit and clock
circuit. The microprocessor is the core chip of the motherboard, responsible for
executing control algorithms and task scheduling, the memory is responsible for
storing programs and data, the interface circuit is responsible for controlling
and converting various data and signals, and the clock circuit is responsible
for generating various timing signals.
5. System on chip
The system on chip is one of the core circuit chips of the automotive
electronic control system, responsible for implementing various control
algorithms and programs. The system on chip is usually composed of a digital
signal processor (DSP), an analog converter and a communication interface. The
digital signal processor is responsible for control algorithms and data
processing, the analog converter is responsible for collecting analog signals
and converting them into digital signals, and the communication interface is
responsible for communicating and exchanging data with other circuit
components.
Application of automotive circuit control board
Automobile circuit control board is widely used in modern automobiles, and
can control multiple aspects such as engine, transmission, chassis, airbag and
anti-theft. The main applications are as follows:
1. Engine control: The automotive circuit control board can monitor and
adjust multiple parameters such as fuel injection, air flow, spark ignition and
emission of the engine to ensure the stability and performance of the
engine.
2. Transmission control: The automotive circuit control board can monitor and
adjust the shifting timing and speed of the transmission to ensure the stability
and reliability of the transmission.
3. Chassis control: The automotive circuit control board can monitor and
adjust multiple parameters such as front and rear wheel speed, acceleration and
braking force to ensure the balance and stability of the vehicle.
4. Airbag control: The automotive circuit control board can monitor and
adjust the airbag ejection time and angle when the vehicle collides to ensure
the safety and protection effect of the driver.
5. Anti-theft control: The automotive circuit control board can monitor and
adjust the key identification and starting circuit of the vehicle to ensure the
safety and anti-theft effect of the vehicle.
In short, automotive circuit control boards are widely used in modern
automobiles and are one of the key guarantees for automobile functions and
performance. Their electronic principles and applications are also an important
part of people's in-depth understanding of automotive electronic control
systems.
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Shenzhen Juxin Xiangrui Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd.
